Sunday, February 24, 2008

Crash-Safe Ur Pc

"Fatal error: the system has become unstable or is busy," it says. "Enter to return to Windows or press Control-Alt-Delete to restart your computer. If you do this you will lose any unsaved information in all open applications."You have just been struck by the Blue Screen of Death.

So how can you prevent it happening ????
Here's how

The Hardware Conflict:

One of the reason why Windows crashes is hardware conflict. Each hardware device communicates to other devices through an interrupt request channel (IRQ). These are supposed to be unique for each device.For example, The keyboard usually uses IRQ 1 and the floppy disk drive IRQ 6. Each device will try to hog a single IRQ for itself.If there are a lot of devices, or if they are not installed properly, two of them may end up sharing the same IRQ number. When the user tries to use both devices at the same time, a crash can happen.

The way to check if your computer has a hardware conflict is through the following route:* Start-Settings-Control Panel-System-Device Manager.If a device has a problem a yellow '!' appears next to its description in the Device Manager. Highlight Computer (in the Device Manager) and press Properties to see the IRQ numbers used by your computer. If the IRQ number appears twice, two devices may be using it.Sometimes a device might share an IRQ with something described as 'IRQ holder for PCI steering'. This can be ignored. The best way to fix this problem is to remove the problem device and reinstall it.Sometimes you may have to find more recent drivers on the internet to make the device function properly.

A good resource is http://www.driverguide.com/.


A Bad Ram:

Ram problems could also be one of the reasons for blue screen of death with a message saying "Fatal Exception Error". A fatal error indicates a serious hardware problem. Sometimes it may mean a part is damaged and will need replacing.But a fatal error caused by Ram might be caused by a mismatch of chips. For example, mixing 70-nanosecond (70ns) Ram with 60ns Ram will usually force the computer to run all the Ram at the slower speed. This will often crash the machine if the Ram is overworked.One way around this problem is to enter the BIOS settings and increase the wait state of the Ram. This can make it more stable. Another way to troubleshoot a suspected Ram problem is to rearrange the Ram chips on the motherboard, or take some of them out. Then try to repeat the circumstances that caused the crash.Parity error messages also refer to Ram. Modern Ram chips are either parity (ECC) or non parity (non-ECC). It is best not to mix the two types, as this can be a cause of trouble.EMM386 error messages refer to memory problems but may not be connected to bad Ram. This may be due to free memory problems often linked to old Dos-based programmes.


BIOS settings:

Every motherboard is supplied with a range of chipset settings that are decided in the factory. A common BIOS error concerns the CAS latency. This refers to the Ram. Older EDO (extended data out) Ram has a CAS latency of 3. Newer SDRam has a CAS latency of 2. Setting the wrong figure can cause the Ram to lock up and freeze the computer's display.Microsoft Windows is better at allocating IRQ numbers than any BIOS. If possible set the IRQ numbers to Auto in the BIOS. This will allow Windows to allocate the IRQ numbers (make sure the BIOS setting for Plug and Play OS is switched to 'yes' to allow Windows to do this.).


Hard disk drives:


After a few weeks, the information on a hard disk drive starts to becomes fragmented. It is a good idea to defragment the hard disk every week or so, to prevent the disk from causing a screen freeze. Go to* Start-Programs-Accessories-System Tools-Disk Defragmenter. This will start the procedure. You will be unable to use the hard while the disk is defragmenting, Some lockups and screen freezes caused by hard disk problems can be solved by reducing the read-ahead optimisation. This can be adjusted by going to*
Start-Settings-Control Panel-System Icon-Performance-File System-HardDisk.
Hard disks will slow down and crash if they are too full. Do some housekeeping on your hard drive every few months and free some space on it. Open the Windows folder on the C drive and find the Temporary Internet Files folder. Deleting the contents (not the folder) can free a lot of space.Empty the Recycle Bin every week to free more space.
Hard disk drives should be scanned every week for errors or bad sectors. Go to*
Start-Programs-Accessories-System Tools-ScanDisk. Otherwise assign the Task Scheduler to perform this operation at night when the computer is not in use.


OE exceptions and VXD errors:

OE exception errors and VXD errors are often caused by video card problems.These can often be resolved easily by reducing the resolution of the video display.
Go to* Start-Settings-Control Panel-Display-Settings.
Here you should slide the screen area bar to the left. Take a look at the colour settings on the left of that window. For most desktops, high colour 16-bit depth is adequate.If the screen freezes or you experience system lockups it might be due to the video card. Make sure it does not have a hardware conflict.
Go to* Start-Settings-Control Panel-System-Device Manager. Here, select the + beside Display Adapter. A line of text describing your video card should appear. Select it (make it blue) and press properties. Then select Resources and select each line in the window. Look for a message that says No Conflicts.If you have video card hardware conflict, you will see it here. Be careful at this point and make a note of everything you do in case you make things worse.The way to resolve a hardware conflict is to uncheck the Use Automatic Settings box and hit the Change Settings button. Another useful way to resolve video problems is to go to*
Start-Settings-Control Panel-System-Performance-Graphics.
Here you should move the Hardware Acceleration slider to the left. As ever, the most common cause of problems relating to graphics cards is old or faulty drivers (a driver is a small piece of software used by a computer to communicate with a device).Look up your video card's manufacturer on the internet and search for the most recent drivers for it.